[119][120], The Punta del Este International Airport, located 15 kilometres (9.3mi) from Punta del Este in the Maldonado Department, is the second busiest air terminal in Uruguay, built by the Uruguayan architect Carlos Ott it was inaugurated in 1997.[116]. On his first day in office in March 1985, Sanguinetti re-established complete freedom of the press. In response to the annexation, the Thirty-Three Orientals, led by Juan Antonio Lavalleja, declared independence on 25 August 1825 supported by the United Provinces of the Ro de la Plata (present-day Argentina). [100], Between the years 2007 and 2009, Uruguay was the only country in the Americas that did not technically experience a recession (two consecutive downward quarters). Religious organization Send message Hi! Despite this agreement, Colorado rule was threatened by the failed Tricolor Revolution in 1875 and the Revolution of the Quebracho in 1886. [77][78] However, in the 2004 Uruguayan general election, the Broad Front won an absolute majority in Parliamentary elections, and in 2009, Jos Mujica of the Broad Front defeated Luis Alberto Lacalle of the Blancos to win the presidency. Most Uruguayans of European ancestry are descendants of 19th and 20th century immigrants from Spain and Italy,[32] and to a lesser degree Germany, France and Britain. Its natural harbor soon developed into a commercial area competing with Ro de la Plata's capital, Buenos Aires. For Uruguay, Argentine tourism is key, since it represents 56% of the external tourism they receive each year and 70% during the summer months. Montevideo was occupied by a British force from February to September 1807. Uruguay won its independence between 1811 and 1828, following a four-way struggle between Portugal and Spain, and later Argentina and Brazil. [101] Unemployment reached a record low of 5.4% in December 2010 before rising to 6.1% in January 2011. [96][needs update], In 2004, the Batlle government signed a three-year $1.1billion stand-by arrangement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), committing the country to a substantial primary fiscal surplus, low inflation, considerable reductions in external debt, and several structural reforms designed to improve competitiveness and attract foreign investment. Punta del Este is situated on a small peninsula off the southeast coast of Uruguay. He has been serving as a member of the Twelfth Quorum of the Seventy in the Utah Area. As would be expected with its abundance of water, high humidity and fog are common. The average annual temperature of the country is 17.5C (63.5F), ranging from 16C (61F) in the southeast to 19C (66F) in the northwest. "Eastern Republic of Uruguay" is the official name used in many United Nations publications in English, e.g. [32], In 1813, the new government in Buenos Aires convened a constituent assembly where Artigas emerged as a champion of federalism, demanding political and economic autonomy for each area, and for the Banda Oriental in particular. [38], The constitutional government of General Lorenzo Batlle y Grau (186872) suppressed the Revolution of the Lances by the Blancos. Uruguay (officially Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country in South America. The formal coalition ended in November 2002, when the Blancos withdrew their ministers from the cabinet,[32] although the Blancos continued to support the Colorados on most issues. Montevideo was founded by the Spanish in the early 18th century as a military stronghold in the country. Uruguay is a founding member of the United Nations, OAS, and Mercosur. Although Santana has open borders with Rivera, it's a different jurisdiction. [137], Metropolitan Montevideo is the only large city, with around 1.9million inhabitants, or more than half the country's total population. [97] The Frente Amplio government, while continuing payments on Uruguay's external debt,[98] also undertook an emergency plan to attack the widespread problems of poverty and unemployment. The highest point in the country is the Cerro Catedral, whose peak reaches 514 metres (1,686ft) AMSL in the Sierra Carap hill range. The relationship between the United States and Uruguay is strong. By mid-2015, the Uruguayan bands Rombai and Mrama of the emerging subgenres "cumbia cheta" and "cumbia pop[es]" enjoyed great success all over Latin America even before publishing their first albums; particularly in their home country and in Argentina, where in a given moment they had together nine songs at the Spotify Top Ten ranking. [74][75] Many of its provisions were suspended in 1973, but re-established in 1985. [147], Uruguayan Spanish, as is the case with neighboring Argentina, employs both voseo and yesmo (with [] or []). Neither side gained the upper hand and in 1828 the Treaty of Montevideo, fostered by the United Kingdom through the diplomatic efforts of Viscount John Ponsonby, gave birth to Uruguay as an independent state. [85] The ensuing dispute remained a subject of controversy into 2010, particularly after ongoing reports of increased water contamination in the area were later proven to be from sewage discharge from the town of Gualeguaych in Argentina. Uruguay is a country in South America. There are two Montevideo-based football clubs, Nacional and Pearol, who are successful in domestic and South American tournaments and have won three Intercontinental Cups each. Though 90% of [66][67] Although it never gets too cold, frosts occur every year during the winter months, and precipitation such as sleet and hail occur almost every winter, but snow is very rare; it does occur every couple of years at higher elevations, but almost always without accumulation. [111], According to FAOSTAT, Uruguay is one of the world's largest producers of soybeans (9th), wool (12th), horse meat (14th), beeswax (14th), and quinces (17th). The First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has called 164 new mission presidents and companions; most will begin service in July. [12] Uruguay is regarded as one of the most socially progressive countries in Latin America. manufacturing plant. Wedged like a grape between Brazils gargantuan thumb and Argentinas long forefinger, Uruguay has always been something of an underdog. [42], The Colorado leader Jos Batlle y Ordez was elected president in 1903. The Uruguayan parties received support from warring political factions in neighboring Argentina, which became involved in Uruguayan affairs. The Administracin de Ferrocarriles del Estado is the autonomous agency in charge of rail transport and the maintenance of the railroad network. The Mansa is more suited for sunbathing, snorkeling, & other low-key recreational opportunities, while the Brava is more suited for adventurous sports, such as surfing. The airport can handle up to 4.5million users per year. [111] Beef is the main export commodity of the country, totaling over US$1billion in 2006. WebEntdecke Uruguay Erstflugabdeckung Montevideo nach Buenos Aires Argentinien 1960 Boac in groer Auswahl Vergleichen Angebote und Preise Online kaufen bei eBay Kostenlose Lieferung fr viele Artikel! The military government persecuted leftists, socialists, and political opponents, resulting in deaths and numerous instances of torture by the military; the military relinquished power to a civilian government in 1985. There are several interpretations, including "bird-river" ("the river of the ur", via Charruan, ur being a common noun of any wild fowl). [53], President Mujica backed Venezuela's bid to join Mercosur. [41] A transition period (188690) followed, during which politicians began recovering lost ground and some civilian participation in government occurred. [114], The Port of Montevideo, handling over 1.1million containers annually, is the most advanced container terminal in South America. [25] Other modern Uruguayan writers include Mario Levrero, Sylvia Lago, Jorge Majfud, and Jess Moraes. [39] After two years of struggle, a peace agreement was signed in 1872 that gave the Blancos a share in the emoluments and functions of government, through control of four of the departments of Uruguay. [53] Uruguay terminated the agreement in 2006 following the early repayment of its debt but maintained a number of the policy commitments. WebEddie Bharucha held several positions in India and received the Dhanvantari Award for his outstanding contributions to medical sciences (1991). [124] Namely, 17 destinations in Argentina[note 3]; 12 destinations in Brazil[note 5] and the capital cities of Chile and Paraguay. [32] As of February 2010, Uruguay had 1,136 military personnel deployed to Haiti in support of MINUSTAH and 1,360 deployed in support of MONUC in the Congo. And the most typical sweet is Alfajor, which is a small cake, filled with Dulce de leche and covered with chocolate or meringue, it comes in various types, fillings, sizes and brands. English is common in the business world and its study has risen significantly in recent years, especially among the young. In 1907 divorce was legalized and, in 1909 all religious instruction was banned from state schools. During the 1960s and 1970s, Argentina underwent huge political and cultural societal change, as sectors such as the young, women and those living in the interior found their voices in challenging the status quo. There are ten national parks in Uruguay: Five in the wetland areas of the east, three in the central hill country, and one in the west along the Rio Uruguay. [25], Tango has also affected Uruguayan culture, especially during the 20th century, particularly the '30s and '40s with Uruguayan singers such as Julio Sosa from Las Piedras. Yet after two centuries living in the shadow of its neighbors, South Americas smallest country is finally getting a little well-deserved recognition. Blancos were given of seats in Congress. The mobile phone market is shared by the state-owned ANTEL and two private companies, Movistar and Claro. Uruguay is divided into 19 departments whose local administrations replicate the division of the executive and legislative powers. [55], In 2009, Jos Mujica, a former left-wing guerrilla leader (Tupamaros) who spent almost 15 years in prison during the country's military rule, emerged as the new president as the Broad Front won the election for a second time. A general strike was called in 1992, and the privatization policy was widely rejected by referendum (71.6% against the privatization of telecommunications). Mate (drink) is the most typical beverage in Uruguay, being a portable beverage that Uruguayans take to all manner of places. [25] The guitar is the preferred musical instrument, and in a popular traditional contest called the payada two singers, each with a guitar, take turns improvising verses to the same tune.[25]. It has a South Atlantic Ocean coastline and lies between Argentina to the west and Brazil to the north. [157] Nevertheless, a Carlos Gardel museum was established in 1999 in Valle Edn, near Tacuaremb.[158]. WebUruguay. WebAirplane Photos & Aviation Photos - View, Search, or Upload Photos! [32] Armed forces personnel number about 14,000 for the Army, 6,000 for the Navy, and 3,000 for the Air Force. [103] Gross public sector debt contracted in the second quarter of 2010, after five consecutive periods of sustained increase, reaching $21.885billion US dollars, equivalent to 59.5% of the GDP. [37], The first railway line was assembled in Uruguay in 1867 with the opening of a branch consisting of a horse-drawn train. [56][57] Abortion was legalized in 2012,[58] followed by same-sex marriage[59] and cannabis in the following year. WebUruguay is a representative democratic republic with a presidential system. [72], Uruguay is a representative democratic republic with a presidential system. [44], In 1938, general elections were held and Terra's brother-in-law, General Alfredo Baldomir, was elected president. The official racial term on the Uruguayan census is "amarilla" or "yellow" in English, which refers to people of East Asian descent. [54] Vzquez stuck to economic orthodoxy. There are still written tracts of the language in the Waldensians Library (Biblioteca Valdense) in the town of Colonia Valdense, Colonia Department. [4], Education in Uruguay is secular, free,[152] and compulsory for 14 years, starting at the age of 4. [73] Each department elects its own authorities through a universal suffrage system. [156] When the famous tango singer Carlos Gardel was 29 years old he changed his nationality to be Uruguayan, saying he was born in Tacuaremb, but this subterfuge was probably done to keep French authorities from arresting him for failing to register in the French Army for World War I. Gardel was born in France and was raised in Buenos Aires. [162], State-run radio and TV are operated by the official broadcasting service SODRE. In November 2019 Luis Lacalle Pou won a five-year presidential term in a free and fair election. [28], In 1831 Fructuoso Rivera, Uruguay's first president, organized the final strike of the Charrua genocide, eradicating the last remnants of the Uruguayan native population.[29]. [80] Uruguay ranked 27th in the Freedom House "Freedom in the World" index. No political party won a majority in parliament, but the ruling party formed a coalition to pass legislation. More than 97%[127] of Uruguay's electricity comes from renewable energy. Drawing on Switzerland and its use of the initiative, the Uruguayan Constitution also allows citizens to repeal laws or to change the constitution by popular initiative, which culminates in a nationwide referendum. [73], Uruguay adopted its current constitution in 1967. [25] The psychological stories of Juan Carlos Onetti (such as "No Man's Land" and "The Shipyard") have earned widespread critical praise, as have the writings of Mario Benedetti. Tourism and banking are also important sectors; Uruguay acts as a regional hub for international finance and tourism. [32] Uruguay then became a zone of contention between the Spanish and Portuguese empires. 25 August is celebrated as Independence Day, a national holiday. The siege of Montevideo, which began in February 1843, would last nine years. The 19th-century painter Juan Manuel Blanes, whose works depict historical events, was the first Uruguayan artist to gain widespread recognition. [160] Other Uruguayan bands of success are: Toco Para Vos, Vi-Em[es], Toco Para Bailar and Golden Rocket. The 1999 national elections were held under a new electoral system established by a 1996 constitutional amendment. [33] The Brazilian Empire became independent of Portugal in 1822. Located in the southern part of the country, on the northeastern shore of the Rio de la Plata estuary is, Montevideo - the capital, the largest and the most populous city of Uruguay. [48] According to Edy Kaufman (cited by David Altman[49]), Uruguay at the time had the highest per capita number of political prisoners in the world. [23], In Spanish colonial times, and for some time thereafter, Uruguay and some neighboring territories were called Banda Oriental [del Uruguay] ("Eastern Bank [of the Uruguay River]"), then for a few years the "Eastern Province". Also notable are Juana de Ibarbourou (18951979), Delmira Agustini (18661914), Idea Vilario (19202009), and the short stories of Horacio Quiroga and Juan Jos Morosoli (18991959). [76], For most of Uruguay's history, the Partido Colorado has been in government. Montevideo, the country's capital, houses the most diverse selection of cultural activities. [32], A 2017 IADB report on labor conditions for Latin American nations, ranked Uruguay as the region's leader overall and in all but one subindexes, including gender, age, income, formality and labor participation. [32] Following the referendum, the armed forces announced a plan for the return to civilian rule, and national elections were held in 1984. [25] The tradition of the gaucho has been an important element in the art and folklore of both Uruguay and Argentina. He never lived in Uruguay. [19][20] The name could also refer to a river snail called urugu (Pomella megastoma) that was plentiful across its shores. [68] The country experiences extratropical cyclones but no tropical cyclones, due to the fact that the South Atlantic Ocean is rarely warm enough for their development. [145], After independence, anti-clerical ideas spread to Uruguay, particularly from France, further eroding the influence of the church. This page was last edited on 17 January 2023, at 17:27. [93], The Uruguayan armed forces are constitutionally subordinate to the president, through the minister of defense. With a peak of 50,000 during the mid-1960s, Uruguay has the world's highest rate of aliyah as a percentage of the Jewish population. [25] His book Ariel (1900) deals with the need to maintain spiritual values while pursuing material and technical progress. Uruguay has by far the smallest population of any country that has won a World Cup. [121] However, in 1985 the "National Transport Plan" suggested passenger trains were too costly to repair and maintain. However, the south of the country receives less precipitation than the north. In 2012 the sector was estimated to account for 97,000 jobs and (directly and indirectly) 9% of GDP. [18] The country has legalized cannabis, same-sex marriage, prostitution and abortion. The first permanent Spanish settlement was founded in 1624 at Soriano on the Ro Negro. [164] Uruguay won gold at the 1924 Paris Olympic Games[165] and again in 1928 in Amsterdam. [46] The media were censored or banned, the trade union movement was destroyed and tons of books were burned after the banning of some writers' works. More Home Reviews Videos Photos About See all We are missionaries for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in the Uruguay Montevideo West Mission July [73], Argentina and Brazil are Uruguay's most important trading partners: Argentina accounted for 20% of total imports in 2009. [36], In 1845, Britain and France intervened against Rosas to restore commerce to normal levels in the region. [35], In 1843, an Argentine army overran Uruguay on Oribe's behalf but failed to take the capital. 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